CHAPTER 5 A: THE DNA TRAIL
Vocabulary & Phrases
Decent-descendant
|
campfire
|
conquest
|
proof
|
scattered
|
artifact
|
refine
|
ancestry
|
Genome-genetic code
|
bulk
|
mutation
|
Pass down to
|
indicate
|
Rough idea
|
trace
|
Virtually certain
|
stall
|
indigenous
|
bury
|
peninsula
|
expose
|
immense
|
mainland
|
vanish
|
1. What is the reading mainly about?
a. the first
people who emerged in Africa
b. the mtDNA
and Y chromosomes used to explain the links between different groups of people
c. the use
of genetics in explaining the story of human migration
d. genetic
mutations used to trace ancestral connections
2. The word
“refined” on line 22 is closest in meaning to:
a. primitive
c. nonprogressive
b. developed d. steady
3. What
makes scientists believe that all human beings are linked to a “mitochondrial
Eve” who lived in Africa about 150,000 years ago?
a.
Scientists discovered a 150,000 year-old body in Africa
b. All the
genetic mutations are traced back to Africa
c. All
modern humans share the same genetic mutations with the women in Africa
d. The rate
of genetic mutations among women in Africa is two times higher than the rest of
people
4. Which
area was the second to be populated by human migrants?
a. Europe c. Southeast Asia
b. Australia d. the Middle East
5. What does
“they” on line 98 refer to?
a. the
archeological findings
b. genetic
traces
c. genetic
mutations
d. the human
migrants
6. What kind
of information do scientists gather by comparing the mtDNA and Y chromosomes of
different groups of people?
7. Explain
how and when humans started to inhabit the Americas?
ANSWER KEY
1. C 2.B 3.D 4.D 5.B
8.
information about where and when those groups separated in the migrations
around the planet
9. in the
last ice age through a land bridge between continents exposed thanks to low sea
levels and they used a coastal route
CHAPTER 5B: BEYOND THE BLUE HORIZON
Vocabulary & Phrases
Revered hero
|
endure
|
feat
|
expansion
|
Stretch over
|
interval
|
outdo
|
boundary
|
stubborn
|
analogous
|
intact
|
archipelago
|
conceivable
|
disrupt
|
Reverse direction
|
atoll
|
mystery
|
horizon
|
1. What is the text mainly about?
a) A canoe race
b) Lapita and Polynesia civilizations
c) How ancient Pacific peoples explored the Pacific
d) History of the canoe race
2. The word “this” on line 8 refers to …
a. a Polynesian canoe.
b. a canoe race in Hawaii.
c. the Hawaiki Nui Va’a.
d. a canoe champion.
3. The word “launch” on line 38 can be best replaced
by…
a. start
b. finish
c. stop
d. postpone
4. What does Irwin mean by “All we can say for certain is that the Lapita has canoes that were
capable of voyages and they had the ability to sail them” on lines
61-64?
a) There is not enough evidence to understand the
Lapita’s sailing skills.
b) There are not enough insights about the Lapita’s
navigation skills.
c) The ancient sailors’ great exploration skills are
fully understood.
d) Scientists are able to present some theories about
the sailors’ exploration success.
5. How did trade winds help the Lapita and Polynesian
sailors?
a) They sailed in the direction of the wind to explore
the east.
b) The wind provided them a safety net.
c) The wind caused them to get lost.
d) The wind provided them a swift ride back home.
6. Which statement below is not true about “El Nino”?
a) Thanks to “El Nino”, the sailors developed the
technique “tacking”.
b) One of the causes of “El Nino” is dramatically high
surface temperatures of the sea.
c) “El Nino” reverses the direction of the trade winds.
d) “El Nino” used to occur more often in ancient times.
7. What is true about the Ancient Polynesians?
a. They explored the Pacific from about 1300 to 800
B.C.
b. They reached South America around 1000 A.D.
c. They colonized New Caledonia and Samoa.
d. Their navigation techniques are fully understood.
ANSWER KEY
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